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The ’s annual Women of the Year has long celebrated achievement and influence. With the same objective in mind, we’ve expanded the list for 2021 and asked some of the most influential women in the world to write the entries, including Jane Fraser, Christine Lagarde, Elizabeth Warren, Billie Jean King, Malala and Greta Thunberg.
Women of the Year is a celebration, of course. But it is also a lens through which to understand the dynamic nature of leadership and power. To ask “Who was influential in 2021?”, you must grapple with “What is influence?” and “How is it changing?”
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We put the list together in collaboration with journalists from dozens of international bureaus, former women of the year and readers like you.
Across continents, industries and issues, all of these remarkable women have shaped this tumultuous year. Each of them is sure to help shape the better ones to come.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is as fierce and talented a competitor as she is a caring friend, and it came as no surprise to me when she was appointed to the helm of the WTO in March this year. With the pandemic disrupting an international trade network that was already being challenged by rising protectionism, and with vaccine nationalism a major threat to the global economy, the world needed a strong leader.
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I have known Ngozi since 2005 and have seen her work tirelessly as a seasoned negotiator and crisis manager. Her 25 years at the World Bank demonstrated her resolve, including her handling of the food and financial crisis of 2008-09 and her determination to recover stolen assets. She has shattered glass ceilings with her complete competence, absolute integrity and good humour, becoming the first female finance minister and foreign minister in Nigeria, where she implemented tough reforms toenhance the transparency of the country’s public finances, andis the first woman and first African tolead the WTO.
For too long, giant companies have thrown their weight around to bulldoze competition, exploit their workers and crush consumers. Today’s Big Tech firms think they’re too big to be held accountable, but Lina Khan is proving them wrong.
As chair of the Federal Trade Commission, Lina brings deep expertise and needed innovation to antitrust enforcement as a fearless champion for consumers and workers. She is committed to restoring competition to our markets, and she understands that the first step must be addressing the rampant concentration we see across industries. Thankfully, Lina has the necessary courage and brilliance to take this fight to the worst dominant firms plaguing our society like Facebook and Amazon, and they deserve every bit of her scrutiny.
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With chair Khan at the helm, we have a huge opportunity to make big, structural change by reviving antitrust enforcement and fighting monopolies that threaten our economy, our society and our democracy. There couldn’t be a better leader for this moment.
What kind of car should Mary Barra drive? Perhaps the Corvette, an American classic reinvented for the 21st century, reflecting Barra’s own efforts to revolutionise General Motors. Or how about the Bolt? An innovative but pragmatic choice matching her no-nonsense, progressive management philosophy. Or maybe she’ll be one of the first to drive the new Hummer EV, part of her bullish gambit to electrify GM’s entire fleet by 2035.
The truth is, they all are iconic vehicles fit for a true icon of business, someone I’ve been fortunate to work with through the Business Roundtable (which she will soon chair) and someone who has inspired me and countless others with her norm-breaking, her ambitious vision for the auto industry, her leadership on climate and her championing of women, particularly her advocacy of Stem education for young girls.
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Since 2014 she has led GM through tremendous challenges and change and is now determined to put the automaker back on top. So buckle up, it’s going to be a great ride.
Gita’s tenure as chief economist at the IMF has been dominated by “the Great Lockdown”, a term she coined aer the pandemic to describe the worst recession the world economy has faced since the Great Depression. She played a key role in shaping the fund’s response, firstand foremost by placing an emphasis on doing “whatever it takes” to fight the pandemic, including massive fiscal support and spending on health. This was translated into emergency financing for 88 countries provided at great speed.
She also co-authored “The Pandemic Plan”, which showed how by vaccinating 40 per cent of the world’s most vulnerable population this year and 70 per cent by mid-2022, we could effectively end the Covid crisis with global funding of just $50bn (a rounding error compared to the amounts being spent by advanced economies on their domestic responses). While the world failed to deliver on this scale, Gita showed clearly that an internationally co-ordinated response would have been better for everyone.
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She is driven by evidence and rigour, and that oen means she thinks differently on issues ranging from managing international capital flows to the impact of climate change. I remember when I was lamenting the lack of women in macroeconomics and international finance, a previous chief economist of the IMF said to me “but macro is macho”. Gita proved that wrong by being the first woman to serve as chief economist at the IMF but also by showing you could take bold positions on big macroeconomic issues without being macho.
Luiza Trajano is not particularly well known outside Brazil. She should be. One of the country’s most remarkable businesswomen and social leaders, Trajano is an inspiration for entrepreneurs everywhere. She began working part time at the age of 17 in the family store in Franca, ashoemaking city in São Paulo state, and built the business into one of Latin America’s retail powerhouses. TheMagazine Luiza group is now valued at over $10bn and employs more than 40, 000staff.
Trajano is a firm believer in the duty of business to set an example on social issues, and has championed gender and racial equality with a passion — notable in a country with gaping social inequality and where the business elite has oen been accused of living in a bubble. She attributes her success to a natural empathy with staff and customers and still travels constantly around Brazil’s vast territory, visiting stores, listening to the concerns of staff and offering advice on how to build careers.
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Her social leadership has led some to whisper that she would make a great president but Trajano is having none of it. “I believe in the transformation of the country through an organised and determined civil society, ” she told the .
The nation’s first woman, first Californian and first Italian-American to become speaker of the house, Nancy Pelosi is, at 81, a unique figure in American politics — and she has brought her unique talents as a self-defined “master negotiator” to deliver for President Joe Biden his major legislative victories on the $1.9tn Covid relief package and, now, the $1tn infrastructure bill. Nextup: pushing Biden’s $2.2tn Build Back Better initiative, which has just cleared Pelosi’s House, through theSenate.
That wouldn’t normally be her job, but she almost alone has been able to bridge her party’s daunting divide between House progressives and key Senate centrists like West Virginia’s Joe Manchin III. How? A safe-cracker’s touch. She recently sent to Manchin a private message literally on a silver platter — one given to her by her good friend, the late West Virginia senator Robert C Byrd, a hero of Manchin’s. “I thought he should see it, ” she chuckled.
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Some battles last a lifetime. Noone knows this better than Mariam al-Mahdi, Sudan’s foreign minister until late November, active in the struggle for democracy in her home country for more than three decades. Herfather was prime minister when brigadier Omar al-Bashir led a coup against his democratically elected government in 1989. Thirtyyears later, the autocratic Bashir was forced out aer months of protests.
Sudanese political culture has long been dominated by men, and al-Mahdi, a doctor and by 2019 a leading political figure in her own right, became one of the few women in the Sudanese cabinet. In the weeks since Sudan’s military suspended the government in October this year, she has emerged as one of its most outspoken critics and as a voice for all the women who took to the streets to campaign for change.
It takes courage and tenacity to keep going. As al-Mahdi told the , “The women of Sudan are very adamant and very strong fighters for democracy. They have always been very strong believers in democratic values and democratic transformation. Nothing will deter them, they are now at the forefront.”
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This time last year, a 90-year-old Briton became the first person in the world to receive a Covid-19 vaccine outside of a clinical trial. Within six months, more than 30m people in the UK had received at least one dose, an achievement that
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