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Cross hatching adds texture to your drawings, creating contrast and depth, making the technique an essential component for any sketch artist. Cross hatching can also help to give you a better understanding of how to use light and shade in your drawings, as well as creative ways to add texture to your artwork.
When you’re a new artist defining your unique drawing style, it’s crucial to explore a variety of shading techniques, and cross hatching is no exception. Cross hatching looks tricky, but it’s actually very simple to master once you’ve learnt a few basic techniques. In this guide, we’ll show you how to cross hatch like a pro!
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Cross hatching is a style of drawing that uses criss-crossing lines to create shading and a sense of depth. The finished result often looks like a grid.
Cross hatching is a drawing style that’s been popular with artists and illustrators for centuries, as the technique creates striking effects with just a few lines. You can use cross hatching to draw everything from portraits, to still lifes or landscapes.
The drawing below is by the 19th century artist John Everett Millais. It’s a really good example of how cross hatching can be used to create a detailed drawing. In this drawing, Everett Millais has used a combination of hatching and cross hatching marks with striking results. Try imitating his style in your own cross hatched drawings!
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Kept in the Dark – When the Letter was completed she found it to be one which she could not send, 1882. John Everett Millais (d.1896) and Joseph Swain (d.1909).
The term hatching is used when you draw lines in one direction only. Cross hatching is when you add lines perpendicular to your first set of lines, creating a cross.
Combine hatching and cross hatching together to maximise the depth and texture of your pictures. Generally speaking, hatching is best used for lighter areas of a picture.
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Before you dive into your first cross-hatched drawing, have a go at outlining a shape first, such as a sphere or a cube. Try using both hatching and cross-hatching to create a 3D effect.
When you’re cross hatching, it’s important to think about the positioning of your lines. If you keep the lines far apart, your drawing will look lighter, while closely drawn lines can create shadows.
Before you start cross hatching, create a value scale. Draw a line of squares and draw into them to create a range of tones from light to dark. Top tip: make darker shades by adding lines slanted at a different angle on top of your previous lines.
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Your lines don’t have to be rigidly horizontal or vertical, either. Switching up the angles can really bring your drawing to life!
If you’re drawing a curved object such as an apple, bend your lines to reflect the shape of the object that you’re drawing. This will add dimension to your artwork.
Colours can be distracting when you’re trying to get to grips with the basics of cross hatching. Start with one colour for your first drawing, then move on to experimenting with a wider range of shades.
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You can use cross hatching to fill in an outline – this is a good way to complete a drawing with just a few pencil marks and works very well for illustrations.
Experiment with different line thicknesses on your drawing. Graphite pencils are great for this because you can use both the point of the pencil and the side of the tip. You could also try using fineliner pens in a range of nib sizes.
When working on your drawing, think about where the light is coming from. For example, is the sun shining on the left of your picture? If so, then you’ll need to make the left side of your subject lighter than the right side. Understanding lighting will give your drawing depth.
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Cross hatching can be a fun technique to try if you want to create a quick sketch, perhaps as a warm-up exercise before you get stuck into another project. Try giving yourself a time limit – it can really loosen up your drawing style.
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First, decide what you’re going to draw. If you’re new to drawing, it can be easier to work from a stock image. Take a look at websites such as Unsplash and Pexels for inspiration. These websites have lots of great free photos for you to download.
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If you’re a confident artist, you could choose to draw a still life scene. Fruit is always fun to draw, as it has interesting shapes to explore. For this crosshatching tutorial, we’re going to draw a still life scene of some fruit on a cloth for added texture. Set up your own version in front of you before you get started.
This is an optional step, but worth trying if you’re new to cross hatching. Draw a set of squares in a line and start to fill them in using hatching and cross hatching.
In art, the range of shades that a colour can be is called its value. Build up your pencil marks so that you have a strip with shading ranging from light to dark to create a shade’s value. Add lines at different angles to create your darkest squares.
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This value strip exercise will help you to understand the colour range of your drawing and how to shade its lightest and darkest areas.
Draw the outline of your picture using light pencil marks. It’s worth doing this even if you’re planning to use a pen for your cross hatching art, as it gives you a good structure to build on. You can’t erase your marks when you’re drawing with a pen, so take the time to get your outline right before you work into it.
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When you’re cross hatching, it’s best to start with the lightest areas and gradually layer up your pencil marks to achieve a shaded look. Keep glancing up at what you’re drawing to check where the lightest sections should be. You may want to leave some areas completely blank.
When you’re happy with your first layer, study your still life or reference photo to determine where you need to put your mid tones. Continue to hatch and cross hatch to darken those sections of the drawing.
You don’t need to stick to straight lines on your drawing, so have a go at curving them too. Your hatching and cross hatching can reflect the shape of the object you’re drawing. The lines don’t need to be continuous either – you can break up the lines to add interest to your drawing.
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Look at the darkest areas of your drawing and work into those sections to create a sense of depth. Notice where there are areas of very deep shadow and keep adding lines until you’re happy with the shading.
When you’re too close to your artwork, it can be easy to forget the overall appearance of your drawing. Getting perspective from a distance will allow you to see any areas which need more work to make them darker or more textured.
If there are any areas which are too dark, you can take the shading back a notch by lightly rubbing the drawing using a mouldable eraser.
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If your drawing still feels a bit flat, sometimes a little extra shading can bring the drawing to life. Shade over your pencil marks to create a gradient effect. Don’t overuse this technique, but used in moderation, shading can greatly enhance cross hatching.
If you’ve been using a pen for this tutorial, go over your drawing with a mouldable eraser to remove the pencil marks that you added at the beginning. The eraser will effectively strip away the pencil lines allowing your pen drawing to shine!
When you’re developing your own unique artistic style, it’s a fantastic idea to explore different drawing techniques to discover which ones work best for you.
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Cross hatching is an excellent technique to perfect, as it allows you to step back from your drawing and gain a fresh perspective on light and shade in your masterpiece-in-progress.
Stippling is a way of creating pictures using lots of pencil dots. Simply cluster dots together to produce dramatic light and shade in your work.
Sarah Orme is a UK-based linocut printmaker, digital editor, feature writer and award-winning podcaster. She's been editing the sewing and art sections of – and before that our sister website calmmoment.com – for over 3 years. She’s the host of ’s We’ve Made It podcast and A Calmer Life podcast. She’s a keen crafter and artist and loves creating DIY tutorials for . Sarah has previously
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